For Abuse Survivors Struggling To Heal, Pope's Visit To Canada 'Not Enough'

As Pope Francis in his vestments prepared to celebrate mass inside a Canadian shrine on Thursday, a young Indigenous woman stood outside in a bright orange beaded dress stitched with dozens of tiny metallic cones.

Abigail Brooks is a jingle dress dancer -- an Indigenous woman whose dancing while wearing the traditional dress is believed to carry healing powers.

"It's very important to be here especially in my jingle dress to offer strength, and any emotional and traditional support that our survivors and elders will need," the 23-year-old told AFP outside Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre, on the banks of the St Lawrence River in Quebec, in eastern Canada.

Thousands of mainly Indigenous people gathered to see the pope there. Nearby, volunteers burned sage leaves before waving the smoke with feathers, a traditional ritual to heal psychological trauma. A healer recited incantations and held a woman's arm, while a tear rolled down her cheek.

Healing has been a major theme of the pope's visit to Canada this week, where he has begged forgiveness from the country's First Nations, Metis and Inuit people for decades of abuse at Catholic-run schools.

For nearly a century, up until the 1990s, Canada's government sent some 150,000 Indigenous children into Church-run residential schools, where they were cut off from their families, language and culture.

The point was to stamp out their Indigenous identity. On top of the trauma of separation, many children endured physical and sexual abuse, and thousands are believed to have died of disease, malnutrition or neglect.

The trauma has lingered for generations. The pope's apology, for many, has been overwhelming.

"It's been a shared experience of a release of emotion," 19-year-old Wocawson told AFP at Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre, describing "lots of tears, you know, lots of anger, but... lots of love. It's beautiful."

"The truth is out in the open with all the accumulated suffering. Everyone has lived too long in shame," said Ghislain Picard, regional chief of the Assembly of First Nations of Quebec-Labrador.

But for many, including Brooks, the apology is "not enough."

"Nothing was said about the sexual abuses," she said. "We can't accept reconciliation until he acknowledges that."

Later Thursday, the pope did use the words "sexual abuse" publicly for the first time on his trip -- but he referred broadly to the abuse of "minors and vulnerable people" by members of the Catholic Church in Canada, without mentioning Indigenous children in particular.

Brooks also called for Indigenous people to be allowed access to records of what happened in the schools, and for the pope to return Indigenous artifacts currently held by the Vatican Museums.

"That's going to be a part of reconciliation, to give us back what's ours," Brooks says.

The young dancer is not alone in her demands. Over and over again, Indigenous people have made clear that they see the pope's visit as only the beginning.

In one of the most dramatic images of his trip so far, as the pope began celebrating mass in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre Wednesday, demonstrators unfurled a banner just in front of the altar behind which he stood.

It read, "Rescind the doctrine" -- referring to the Doctrine of Discovery, the 15th-century papal edicts that empowered European powers to colonize non-Christian lands and people, who were seen as non-human.

Indigenous leaders have drawn a straight line between the doctrine and the formation of the residential schools centuries later. Everywhere the pope has gone in Canada, voices have called out for it to be lifted.

The writing on the banner was facing away from the pontiff, and it was calmly removed shortly after.

Francis has made no public mention yet of the doctrine or the artifacts on his trip, though Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Thursday that he had raised them with the pontiff.

Trudeau did not give further details, and while the pope has spoken of his "deep shame" and his "firm desire to respond" to Indigenous suffering, it was unclear what further steps he might take.

For some, perhaps there is no way through the devastation.

Jimmy Papatie, a 58-year-old survivor of one of the schools, spoke to AFP through tears.

"I have lived my whole life in fear because of what I experienced at the residential school," he said by telephone from his home in Quebec.

"I am convinced that I will never heal... the Pope's visit -- if people need to hear it, fine. But it won't heal me."

Brooks, the dancer, says her dress was "specifically made for our survivors and the ones that didn't come home."

"Each jingle that we tie, we pray for our survivors," she said.

"It's a very powerful dress."