Russia on Monday urged Armenia and Azerbaijan to immediately start observing a ceasefire agreed over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region as intense fighting between the two Caucasus rivals cast fresh doubt over the accord.

The clashes have raged for the last two weeks over the breakaway region of Azerbaijan controlled by Armenians after a 1990s war and whose independence is recognised by no state.

The fighting, the worst since a 1994 ceasefire, has sparked fears of a regional conflict, with Turkey backing Azerbaijan, Armenia seeking to pull ex-Soviet ally Russia in on its side and Iran looking on warily.

Retired police officer Genadiy Avanesyan, 73, searches for belongings in the remains of his house in the city of Stepanakert on October 10, 2020
Retired police officer Genadiy Avanesyan, 73, searches for belongings in the remains of his house in the city of Stepanakert on October 10, 2020 AFP / ARIS MESSINIS

After 11 hours of talks between the Armenian and Azerbaijani foreign ministers in Moscow, the two sides agreed early Saturday to a humanitarian ceasefire.

But repeated clashes have so far made a mockery of the truce deal, with both sides Monday accusing the other of repeated violations.

"We expect that the decisions that have been adopted will be rigorously observed by both parties," said Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in Moscow after hosting his Armenian counterpart Zohrab Mnatsakanyan.

Rescuers carry away the body of a victim where a rocket struck in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja on October 11
Rescuers carry away the body of a victim where a rocket struck in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja on October 11 AFP / Bulent Kilic

The truce -- whose immediate aim was to exchange prisoners and the bodies of people killed -- had to be implemented on the ground and work was underway to ensure verification mechanisms were in place, he added.

Lavrov said he believed the "all-night vigil" that clinched the ceasefire would "not be in vain" and that the issue could be resolved on the ground "in the nearest time".

French foreign ministry spokeswoman Agnes von der Muhll said it was "indispensable and urgent" that the truce was "strictly" obeyed.

Rescuers carry away the body of a victim where a rocket struck in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja on October 11
Rescuers carry away the body of a victim where a rocket struck in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja on October 11 AFP / Bulent Kilic

An AFP correspondent in the Azerbaijani town of Barda not far from the front line heard thumping echoes of shelling Monday morning and the noise intensified in the afternoon.

Nearly 500 people including more than 60 civilians, have been killed in the latest fighting, according to figures given by both sides
Nearly 500 people including more than 60 civilians, have been killed in the latest fighting, according to figures given by both sides AFP / Karen MINASYAN

In the Azerbaijani village of Otuzikiler where many have fled from shelling, 42-year-old Gultekin Rakhimova said her three small children had not slept properly since rockets rained down on their houses two weeks ago.

"They wake up and cry. They have nightmares because the dead come back in their dreams," she said as one of her boys tossed pebbles at a rooster outside their temporary new home in a village school.

In Karabakh's main city of Stepanakert, an AFP photographer heard shelling from the direction of the town of Hadrut.

Map of the Caucasus and surrounding region showing the world powers circling Nagorno-Karabakh
Map of the Caucasus and surrounding region showing the world powers circling Nagorno-Karabakh AFP / Patricio ARANA

"Armenian armed forces, who did not comply with the humanitarian truce, repeatedly tried to attack the positions of the Azerbaijan army," the Azerbaijani defence ministry said.

Armenian defence ministry spokeswoman Shushan Stepanyan said Azerbaijan was "now intensively shelling the southern front".

The 1990s war -- which ended with the 1994 ceasefire that did not present a long-term solution to the conflict -- cost the lives of about 30,000 people.

Nearly 600 people, including 67 civilians, have been killed in the latest fighting since last month, according to a tally based on tolls given by both sides.

Analysts have long warned that Nagorno-Karabakh was the most combustible of the unresolved conflicts left over after the fall of the Soviet Union, with Azerbaijan vowing to regain control of the territory and Armenians insisting they would never cede ground.

The so far fruitless, decades-long search for a settlement over Karabakh has been overseen by the Minsk Group of world and regional powers chaired by senior diplomats from France, Russia and the United States.

Mnatsakanyan was due to meet the Minsk Group co-chairs in Moscow after his discussions with Lavrov.

Renewed fighting has stoked fears of a full-blown war embroiling Turkey, which strongly backs Azerbaijan and has been accused by Paris and Moscow of sending pro-Ankara Syrian militiamen to help Baku.

Lavrov said Monday that his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu had in telephone talks expressed his support for the Moscow ceasefire deal.

But in another call Turkish Defence Minister Hulusi Akar urged his Russian counterpart Sergei Shoigu to convince Armenia to withdraw from Karabakh, warning "Azerbaijan will not wait 30 more years for a solution".

Russia has a military base in Armenia and counts Yerevan as an ally in the Moscow-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO).

Iran, which has warm relations with Armenia and is wary of Baku's military cooperation with Israel, has also expressed alarm over the reports of Syrian militia being sent to Azerbaijan.

Iran's foreign ministry expressed regret "over the violation of the announced ceasefire", urging both sides to resume talks.

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