US Secretary of State Antony Blinken called Thursday for vigorous competition with China to preserve the existing global order but said the United States did not seek a "Cold War."

In a long-awaited speech billed as the most comprehensive statement to date on China by President Joe Biden's administration, Blinken said that Beijing posed "the most serious long-term challenge to the international order" despite months of US focus on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

"China is the only country with both the intent to reshape the international order -- and, increasingly, the economic, diplomatic, military and technological power to do it," Blinken said at George Washington University.

"Beijing's vision would move us away from the universal values that have sustained so much of the world's progress over the past 75 years," he said.

Antony Blinken will steer clear of talk of a sweeping global conflict and will not ask nations to shun China, officials said
Antony Blinken will steer clear of talk of a sweeping global conflict and will not ask nations to shun China, officials said POOL via AFP / KEVIN LAMARQUE

"President Biden believes this decade will be decisive.."

The Biden administration recently launched a loose new trade framework across Asia and has set up a forum with the European Union to set technological standards, efforts aimed at uniting like-minded nations as China dominates new fields such as artificial intelligence.

Blinken acknowledged a growing consensus that other nations cannot change the trajectory of China, saying that under President Xi Jinping it has become "more repressive at home, more aggressive abroad."

"There is growing convergence about the need to approach relations with Beijing with more realism," he said.

But he added: "If it takes concrete action to address the concerns that we and many other countries have voiced, we will respond positively."

An exiled Tibetan takes part in a March 2022 rally in New Delhi as the United States raises concerns about China's human rights record
An exiled Tibetan takes part in a March 2022 rally in New Delhi as the United States raises concerns about China's human rights record AFP / Sajjad HUSSAIN

With no rhetorical bombast or surprises, Blinken drew an implicit contrast to the approach of the previous administration of Donald Trump which spoke in stark terms of an all-out global conflict with China.

On trips to Africa and Latin America, where China has invested billions of dollars on infrastructure, Blinken has downplayed the competition and not asked nations to take sides.

US President Joe Biden, who has sought to unite like-minded nations on China, meets in Tokyo with the "Quad" leaders of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese
US President Joe Biden, who has sought to unite like-minded nations on China, meets in Tokyo with the "Quad" leaders of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese AFP / SAUL LOEB

"We are not looking for conflict or a new Cold War. To the contrary, we're determined to avoid both," Blinken said in his speech.

"We don't seek to block China from its role as a major power, nor to stop China -- or any other country for that matter - from growing their economy or advancing the interests of their people," he said.

But he said that defending the global order, including international law and agreements, would "make it possible for all countries -- including the United States and China -- to coexist and cooperate."

He pointed to climate change, saying that the United States and China -- the world's two largest emitters -- worked together to make progress at last year's summit in Glasgow and that a healthy competition on clean energy would have global benefits.

His willingness to cooperate comes even as he charged again that Beijing is carrying out genocide against its Uyghur minority and also denounced its "brutal campaign" in Tibet and crackdown in Hong Kong.

Saying that China will "test American diplomacy like nothing we've seen before," Blinken announced the formation of a "China House" inside the State Department to coordinate policy across regions.

Blinken's speech -- delayed from earlier this month after he tested positive for Covid-19 -- comes on the heels of a trip by Biden to Japan and South Korea and a first-of-a-kind Washington summit with of Southeast Asian leaders.

Joshua Shifrinson, an expert on great power politics at the Wilson Center, said Biden appeared eager to direct foreign policy 15 months into a term marked by the Ukraine war, Afghanistan withdrawal and Covid pandemic.

"He's trying to move away from playing whack-a-mole in foreign policy and head back towards the strategic long-term mindset that he wanted to have coming out," he said.

Biden on Monday made waves in Tokyo by offering the most explicit pledge in decades that the United States would militarily defend Taiwan in an invasion by Beijing, which claims the self-governing democracy.

Blinken again insisted that the United States was not deviating from its longstanding stance and said it was Beijing that had raised tensions, including with nearly daily military flights near the island.

"While our policy has not changed, what has changed is Beijing's growing coercion," Blinken said.