America marked the 20th anniversary of 9/11 Saturday with pleas for unity at solemn ceremonies given added resonance by the messy withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan and return to power of the Taliban.

At the 9/11 memorial in New York, relatives wiped away tears, their voices breaking as they read out the names of the almost 3,000 people killed in the Al-Qaeda attacks.

Twenty years have passed since the 9/11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in the United States, but the fallout remains painful for Americans
Twenty years have passed since the 9/11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in the United States, but the fallout remains painful for Americans AFP / SETH MCALLISTER

"We love you and we miss you," they said as somber violin music played at the official ceremony, attended by President Joe Biden and former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton.

The service at Ground Zero where 2,753 people died -- some of whom jumped to their deaths from the burning towers -- took place under tight security, with Lower Manhattan effectively locked down.

US President Joe Biden (right), with former President Barack Obama (left) and former First Lady Michelle Obama at the ceremony at the National 9/11 Memorial
US President Joe Biden (right), with former President Barack Obama (left) and former First Lady Michelle Obama at the ceremony at the National 9/11 Memorial AFP / Jim WATSON

The first of six moments of silence was marked at 8:46 am, with a bell ringing to symbolize the time the first hijacked plane crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center.

At 9:03 am, attendees stood still again to mark the moment the South Tower was struck. At 9:37 am, it was the Pentagon, where the hijacked airliner killed 184 people in the plane and on the ground.

At 9:59, the moment the South Tower fell. At 10:03 am, they remembered the fourth plane to crash in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after passengers fought the hijackers, and at 10:28 am, the North Tower falling.

This file photo taken on September 11, 2001, shows Edward Fine covering his mouth as he walks through dust and debris following the collapse of one of the twin towers of the World Trade Center
This file photo taken on September 11, 2001, shows Edward Fine covering his mouth as he walks through dust and debris following the collapse of one of the twin towers of the World Trade Center AFP / STAN HONDA

Mourners clutched photos of their loved ones, their pain still raw despite a whole generation having grown up since the morning of September 11, 2001.

"It feels like it was yesterday. Every year (that) we get further away it becomes more important to remember," said Joanne Pocher-Dzama, whose brother died at the World Trade Center.

New York police and firefighters hold a US flag as a band plays the US National Anthem at the National 9/11 Memorial during a ceremony commemorating the 20th anniversary of the attacks
New York police and firefighters hold a US flag as a band plays the US National Anthem at the National 9/11 Memorial during a ceremony commemorating the 20th anniversary of the attacks POOL / Ed JONES

Bruce Springsteen performed "I'll See You in My Dreams" and smaller ceremonies across New York remembered the 343 firefighters who lost their lives saving others. After nightfall, powerful twin light beams symbolizing the Twin Towers were projected into the sky to commemorate the dead.

The New York skyline with the 'Tribute in Light' installation commemorating the 9/11 attacks on their 20th anniversary
The New York skyline with the 'Tribute in Light' installation commemorating the 9/11 attacks on their 20th anniversary AFP / Ed JONES

Heart-wrenching commemorations also took place at the Pentagon and Shanksville, where George W. Bush, president on 9/11, said the unity America showed following the attacks "seems distant" from today.

"So much of our politics has become a naked appeal to anger, fear, and resentment. That leaves us worried about our nation and our future together," he added.

A man walks with the name of a loved one lost in the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center outside the 9/11 Museum and Memorial in New York
A man walks with the name of a loved one lost in the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center outside the 9/11 Museum and Memorial in New York AFP / Ed JONES

World leaders sent messages of solidarity, saying the attackers had failed to destroy Western values.

Speaking in Shanksville Saturday, Biden said the United States must come together and lead the world by example.

"That's the thing that's going to affect our wellbeing more than anything else: how the rest of the world responds to us -- knowing that we actually can, in fact, lead by the example of our power again," Biden said. "And I think we can do it. We got to do it."

He also asked: "Are we going to, in the next four, five, six, 10 years, demonstrate that democracies can work, or not?"

But former president Donald Trump shattered the sentiment, releasing a video slamming the "inept administration" of Biden for its "incompetence" over the Afghan withdrawal, and later telling New York police officers that the United States had been "embarrassed."

The memorials come less than two weeks since the last soldiers left Kabul, ending the so-called "forever war."

But national discord over the chaotic exit, including the deaths of 13 US troops in a suicide bomb and the return to power of Al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden's protectors the Taliban, overshadowed what was supposed to be a pivotal day in Biden's nearly eight-month-old presidency.

Again he defended the withdrawal, saying the US could not "invade" every country where Al-Qaeda is present, before he concluded his tour of all three attack sites at the Pentagon.

In the last 20 years, bin Laden has been killed and a new skyscraper dubbed the "Freedom Tower" has risen over Manhattan, replacing the Twin Towers.

But the consequences of 9/11 rumble on.

On Saturday the FBI released a declassified memo that strengthened suspicions of official Saudi involvement with the hijackers but fell short of conclusive proof.

The document from April 4, 2016 is the first from the FBI investigation to be released following an order from Biden last week. Still significantly redacted, the memo showed links between a suspected Saudi intelligence operative and two of the Al-Qaeda hijackers.

In Guantanamo Bay, accused mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and four other men continue to await trial, nine years after charges were filed.

For many Americans 9/11 remains about one thing: loss.

"So many families were disrupted. And we just need to let them know that all those people are not forgotten," said Mark Papadimitriou, paying his respects in Times Square.