Horses and mules have long drawn tourist carriages through Jordan's ancient city of Petra, but animal rights concerns are driving a project to start replacing them with electric vehicles.

A small fleet of 10 rechargeable e-carts now take visitors through the rose-coloured Siq or gorge leading to the famed capital of the Nabateans, which dates back to the first century BC.

"There is no pollution or smoke" and the change has "reduced the cases of animal mistreatment," said Suleiman Farajat, head of the Petra Development and Tourism Regional Authority.

Jordanian men ride horses as tourists ride an electric cart in Jordan's famed ancient city of Petra
Jordanian men ride horses as tourists ride an electric cart in Jordan's famed ancient city of Petra AFP / Khalil MAZRAAWI

The golf buggy-style vehicles have less impact because "sometimes the carriage wheels hit the sides of the Siq ... the horse dung caused a bad smell in the place, and cleaning it was not easy.

"It was an unpleasant experience for the tourists, the horses and us," said Farajat.

Animal rights group PETA, which had criticised the use of the often scrawny and overworked draft animals, has described the project as a "major first step to protect working animals".

The group hailed the "game-changing vehicles" and added that it hopes to work with officials "toward the day when there will be only animal-free transportation at Petra".

Ten electric carts have replaced 12 of the more traditional animal-powered carriages for tourists visiting Jordan's landmark site of Petra
Ten electric carts have replaced 12 of the more traditional animal-powered carriages for tourists visiting Jordan's landmark site of Petra AFP / Khalil MAZRAAWI

For now the Petra authority says it will keep some of the horses "to preserve the character of the place, as it is a world heritage site".

The change has however also been hailed for another reason -- helping to make the UNESCO World Heritage Site far more accessible to elderly and disabled visitors.

Electric carts have replaced more traditional animal-powered carriages in Petra, partly in an effort by the authorities to address criticism over animal abuse
Electric carts have replaced more traditional animal-powered carriages in Petra, partly in an effort by the authorities to address criticism over animal abuse AFP / Khalil MAZRAAWI

Austrian tourist Rudy, 43, who uses a wheelchair, said he had repeatedly postponed a visit because of the Covid-19 pandemic, and was now "very happy" to have made the trip.

"Disabled people but also people who have difficulty walking for a long distance ... now have a chance to see this amazing place."

A US tourist named Angie, 60, agreed: "It seems a little bit out of character to have these in a beautiful place like this. But at our age, it was nice to come back in an electric cart."

Jordan's tourism industry is recovering from the blow of Covid-19, having previously relied on it for more than 10 percent of its GDP. The pandemic slashed revenues from $5.8 billion in 2019 to $1 billion last year.

Petra, Jordan's most famous tourism site, provides a living for hundreds of families.

The move to replace 12 horse-drawn carriages with 10 e-carts was agreed with the horse owners' association.

Foreign tourists pay 25 dinars ($35) and Jordanians 15 dinars for the round trip from the visitor centre to the archaeological site.

The association receives 75 percent of the income, while 25 percent goes to the authority, said Farajat.

The head of the association, Mohammad Amarat, said those operating the electric carts earn more than 300 Jordanian dinars (about $423) per month.

One benefit is that the carts can carry five passengers, compared to just two in the horse-drawn carriages.

He prefers the new vehicles because previously the horses "were tired, their income was less, and the journey time was longer".

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