Scientists on Italy's side of the Mont Blanc massif are constantly monitoring a melting glacier, where the risk of collapse due to rising temperatures threatens the valley below.

An alpinist stands on the balcony of the Boccalatte Hut on the Planpincieux Glacier in Courmayeur, north-western Italy
An alpinist stands on the balcony of the Boccalatte Hut on the Planpincieux Glacier in Courmayeur, north-western Italy AFP / Marco Bertorello

The Planpincieux glacier, at an altitude of about 2,700 metres (8,860 feet), hangs over the hamlet of Planpincieux, underneath the south face of the Grandes Jorasses within the Mont Blanc massif in Italy's picturesque northwest corner.

Known as a "temperate" glacier, it is already at a melting point, as opposed to polar glaciers that are still frozen to bedrock.

Rising temperatures caused by climate change threatens the collapse of the Planpincieux Glacier into the valley below
Rising temperatures caused by climate change threatens the collapse of the Planpincieux Glacier into the valley below AFP / Marco Bertorello

That means the Planpincieux glacier can slide faster, via water just under its surface, making it more unpredictable and dangerous for the Val Ferret valley below, experts say.

Hikers walk near the Brenva Glacier in Courmayeur, north-western Italy
Hikers walk near the Brenva Glacier in Courmayeur, north-western Italy AFP / Marco Bertorello

"We've got a significant temperature rise and this causes a more rapid formation of the sub-glacial water flow, an important underground circulation of water," Valerio Segor, the Aosta Valley region's director of natural risk management, told AFP.

In years past, the Planpincieux glacier was lodged in a more stable position on the rock, and was thicker with fewer fractures, said Paolo Perret, a glacier expert at the Courmayeur-based Safe Mountains Foundation.

An hiker walks on a path near the Planpicieux (L) and Grand Jorasses Glaciers (2L) in Courmayeur
An hiker walks on a path near the Planpicieux (L) and Grand Jorasses Glaciers (2L) in Courmayeur AFP / Marco Bertorello

But due to rising temperatures caused by climate change, "the glacier withdrew to a smooth and steep surface which causes it to be in an unstable position," Perret said.

The movements are not insignificant, with the glacier in extreme cases slipping as much as 150 centimetres (4 feet 9 inches) in a day, he said.

By contrast, the Whymper serac, a polar glacier above it looming nearly 4,000 metres above sea level, can slide between two and 20 centimetres per day, said Perret, resulting in "imminent collapses".

A massive block of ice from the Whymper serac measuring 15,000 square metres tumbled to the ground last October, a day after authorities had prohibited access to paths underneath.

Movements of the Planpincieux glacier -- and those above it -- are closely monitored via radar, and the region's safety plan anticipates a variety of potential scenarios.

The "extreme scenario" would be the fall of an 800,000 metre cube of ice to the village and road below, said Segor.

"But there are no absolute guarantees that it will really behave in that way."