Hollywood studios are now thinking twice about splurging on A-list movie stars and costly productions in reaction to the poor economy, but also because of the surprising success of recent films with unknown actors.

After buddy comedy The Hangover, a movie with a little known cast, made $459 million at global box offices this past summer, several films have shown that a great concept or story can trump star appeal when it comes to luring fans.

District 9, a low budget movie in which the biggest stars were space aliens treated like refugees and the lead actor was South African Sharlto Copley, made $200 million. Thriller Paranormal Activity, starring Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat, has cash registers ringing to the tune of $100 million.

Next up, on November 20, comes Summit Entertainment's relatively low-budget ($50 million) franchise movie The Twilight Saga: New Moon, a sequel to 2008 hit vampire romance Twilight which made global stars of Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart. Online ticket sellers report New Moon is one of their highest pre-sale movies of all time, and box office watchers expect the film to have a smash opening.

Nobody says that a big wonderful movie needs to be expensive, it's just that that's been the trend, and perhaps the trend is misguided, said University of Southern California cinema professor Jason E. Squire.

Last weekend, comic actor Jim Carrey's A Christmas Carol became the latest celebrity-driven movie to stumble at box offices, opening to a lower-than-expected $30 million.

Aside from Jim Carrey and Carol, which cost at least $175 million, A-listers who suffered box office flops recently have included Bruce Willis (Surrogates), Adam Sandler (Funny People), Will Ferrell (Land of the Lost), Eddie Murphy (Imagine That) and Julia Roberts (Duplicity).

The (major movie) machine didn't fly last summer, if you look at the movies and the names, they were not star-driven movies, they really weren't, said Peter Guber, chairman of Mandalay Entertainment and former head of Sony Pictures.

Hollywood insiders say A-listers currently are having trouble with salary demands in the $15 million range or participation approaching 20 percent of gross profits -- deals that were once somewhat common for top talent. Instead, they are being asked to take less money upfront and greater compensation only if a film breaks even.

FRANCHISE ON THE CHEAP

In New Moon, actors Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart rekindle their romance between an immortal vampire and a high school girl that they brought to silver screens in last year's adaptation from Stephenie Meyer's Twilight books.

At the time, Pattinson and Stewart were unknown stars but that did not hurt Twilight, which made $384 million at global box offices and gave Summit a bona fide franchise.

It's not unusual for franchises like the Harry Potter movies to begin with unknown actors, but as the films' popularity takes root, production budgets relax and actor, producer and other salaries soar.

But in recent years, Hollywood has been racked by the recession, competition from videogames and the Web, declining DVD sales and fewer licensing deals with television networks

This week, Disney chief Bob Iger said in a conference call that the sluggish DVD market is one reason the major studio has altered its moviemaking. It causes us to really reconsider not only what we're investing in our films, but how we market them and how we distribute them, he said.

For its part, fledgling Summit has positioned Twilight as a franchise for the recession era by keeping the pressure on the costs for New Moon, and Hollywood producers are praising them for it.

Good for them, they are really keeping the costs down. It is unusual, said Lauren Shuler Donner, a producer on the X-Men films and 2008's The Secret Life of Bees.

Summit, whose executives declined to be interviewed, took a page from the playbook of The Lord of the Rings by shooting the second and third films back-to-back this summer.

When director Peter Jackson made his three Lord of the Rings films simultaneously 10 years ago, it was a novel idea that reduced costs because actors, sets, costumes, locations and other items only had to be assembled and paid for once.

Similarly, by shooting the next two Twilight movies together, Summit kept the cost of the third film, Eclipse, due out June 30, around $60 million, one source said.

What I like is they didn't have a long window (between films), they went in to make a franchise, they didn't go in to see if they had a franchise, said Warren Zide, producer on the American Pie and Final Destination movies.

(Editing by Bob Tourtellotte)

Hollywood