The US pipeline network shut down by a cyber attack said Thursday it has restarted its entire network and resumed fuel deliveries to all markets, but gas stations up and down the East Coast were still facing shortages after a wave of panic buying.

President Joe Biden hailed the "good news" and urged Americans to remain calm as supplies are restored over the next few days.

While "we'll not feel the effects at the pump immediately," there will be a "return to normalcy beginning this weekend and continuing in the next week," Biden told reporters at the White House.

Frantic motorists from Florida to Maryland had lined up at gas stations trying to fill their tanks and other containers, and the surge in demand sent the national average price above $3 a gallon for the first time since late 2014 despite government efforts to ease the supply crunch.

Colonial Pipeline announced late Thursday that the whole system was back up and running after it initiated the restart to its network late Wednesday.

More than half of the gas stations in the US state of Virginia had run dry after a wave of panic buying, according to GasBuddy data
More than half of the gas stations in the US state of Virginia had run dry after a wave of panic buying, according to GasBuddy data AFP / Andrew CABALLERO-REYNOLDS

"We can now report that we have restarted our entire pipeline system and that product delivery has commenced to all markets we serve," the statement said.

However, the company again cautioned that it would take several days for the product delivery supply chain to return to normal and some areas "may experience, or continue to experience, intermittent service interruptions."

The company pledged to move as much gasoline, diesel and jet fuel as it could safely until markets return to normal.

More than half of the gas stations in Virginia had run out of fuel after the rush of customers drained their tanks, according to data Thursday from the GasBuddy tracking site.

US President Joe Biden told motorists that 'help is on the way' as the Colonial Pipeline network restarts and fuel supplies are flowing again
US President Joe Biden told motorists that 'help is on the way' as the Colonial Pipeline network restarts and fuel supplies are flowing again AFP / Nicholas Kamm

Georgia and South Carolina were facing a similar level of shortages, and the nation's capital was running dry, with 73 percent of stations on empty, and 68 percent in North Carolina, according to the data.

About a third of the stations in Florida, Maryland and Tennessee were out.

"I know seeing lines at the pumps or gas stations with no gas can be extremely stressful, but this is a temporary situation. Do not get more gas than you need," Biden said. "Don't panic."

Colonial Pipeline operates the largest fuel conduit system in the United States, which sends gasoline and jet fuel from the Gulf Coast of Texas to the populous east coast through 5,500 miles (8,850 kilometers) of ducts that serve 50 million consumers.

The government has temporarily waived clean air regulations and rules on shipping and trucking to help get fuel to the affected areas quickly.

Map of the United States showing the Colonial Pipeline network, serving around 50 million consumers, which was forced to shutdown after a cyber attack.
Map of the United States showing the Colonial Pipeline network, serving around 50 million consumers, which was forced to shutdown after a cyber attack. AFP / Sophie RAMIS

But Bill O'Grady of Confluence Investment Management said the restoration of supplies will take time.

"The stuff goes through their pipeline about five miles an hour, and the pipeline is 5,500 miles -- do the math. This is not gone be fixed in a day or two," he told AFP.

The national gas price average increased seven cents to $3.02 this week due to the pipeline closure -- the highest average since October 2014, according to the American Automobile Association (AAA).

AAA also offered advice to drivers, including warning against carrying gas canisters while traveling. "If you own more than one car, use the most fuel-efficient model," it said.

GasBuddy oil analyst Patrick De Haan warned that prices could stay high for some time, especially as the Memorial Day holiday weekend approaches -- the traditional start to the American summer travel season.

"The situation will definitely take time and slowly improve due to a high number of outages and higher number of stations to refuel," he said.

Colonial Pipeline shut down its network following a ransomware attack on its computer systems late Friday.

According to a report by Bloomberg, the company paid a $5 million ransom to the hackers, contradicting a Washington Post report saying it would not pay to release its systems.

A company spokesman declined to comment on the reports given the ongoing investigation into the cyber attack.

Biden also declined to comment on whether the company should pay the ransom, but stressed the need for companies to beef up their IT security.

"This event is providing an urgent reminder of why we need to harden our infrastructure, and make it more resilient against all threats, natural and manmade," he said.

Washington believes the DarkSide criminal group based in Russia targeted the company, and on Wednesday, Biden unveiled a new executive order to improve US cybersecurity, which among other functions compels companies to communicate in the event of such breaches.

The Colonial Pipeline attack follows two other major cybersecurity breaches -- the SolarWinds hack that compromised thousands of US government and private sector computer networks and was officially blamed on Russia; and a potentially devastating penetration of Microsoft email servers.