Muslims around the world marked a sombre Eid al-Fitr on Thursday amid rising hostilities between Israel and Palestinians, in the second celebration in the shadow of the coronavirus pandemic.

A Palestinian Muslim woman prays at the grave of a relative in Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip on the first day of Eid al-Fitr, as the worst flare-up of Israeli-Palestinian violence in seven years clouds the three-day holiday
A Palestinian Muslim woman prays at the grave of a relative in Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip on the first day of Eid al-Fitr, as the worst flare-up of Israeli-Palestinian violence in seven years clouds the three-day holiday AFP / MAHMUD HAMS

The three-day festival, which marks the end of the holy fasting month of Ramadan, is traditionally celebrated with mosque prayers, family feasts and shopping for new clothes, gifts and sweets.

But casting a pall on the festival, already subdued due to the raging pandemic, was deadly violence between Israel and Palestinians, with fears growing that it could spiral into full-blown conflict.

Afghan Muslims pray in the open outside Jalalabad as the government and the Taliban observe a three-day ceasefire for the Eid al-Fitr holiday
Afghan Muslims pray in the open outside Jalalabad as the government and the Taliban observe a three-day ceasefire for the Eid al-Fitr holiday AFP / NOORULLAH SHIRZADA

Tensions have soared over Israel's planned eviction of Palestinians from a district in annexed east Jerusalem, which the Jewish state sees as part of its eternal capital but is considered occupied by the United Nations.

King Salman of Saudi Arabia takes part in prayers for the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan
King Salman of Saudi Arabia takes part in prayers for the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan Saudi Royal Palace / -

Israel on Thursday scrambled to quell riots between Arabs and Jews on its own streets after days of exchanging deadly fire with Palestinian militants in Gaza.

In Gaza, 83 people have been killed so far -- including 17 children -- and more than 480 wounded in days of relentless Israeli air strikes on the crowded coastal enclave.

Bangladeshis board a crowded ferry to head home for the Eid al-Fitr holiday in defiance of a coronavirus lockdown
Bangladeshis board a crowded ferry to head home for the Eid al-Fitr holiday in defiance of a coronavirus lockdown AFP / Munir Uz zaman

Echoing the mood in much of the Muslim world, Saudi Arabia's King Salman voiced scathing criticism of Israel in a phone call Wednesday with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan on the occasion of Eid.

The king "stressed Saudi Arabia's strong condemnation of the Israeli measures in Jerusalem and the acts of violence carried out by Israel... (and) affirmed that the kingdom stands by the Palestinian people," the official Saudi Press Agency reported.

Muslims pray at Skenderbej Square in the Albanian capital Tirana
Muslims pray at Skenderbej Square in the Albanian capital Tirana AFP / Gent SHKULLAKU
Muslims attend the prayers marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan at the Islamic Center in Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Muslims attend the prayers marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan at the Islamic Center in Lhokseumawe, Indonesia AFP / Azwar Ipank

State media broadcast images of King Salman, 85, performing Eid prayers in the planned megacity of NEOM in northwestern Saudi Arabia.

A man wearing a protective face mask and maintaining social distancing perform the Eid al-Fitr prayer amid the coronavirus, Covid-19 pandemic, at Kocatepe Mosque in Ankara, Turkey
A man wearing a protective face mask and maintaining social distancing perform the Eid al-Fitr prayer amid the coronavirus, Covid-19 pandemic, at Kocatepe Mosque in Ankara, Turkey AFP / Adem ALTAN

Mask-clad worshippers entered the Grand Mosque in the holy city of Mecca along socially distanced paths to pray before the Kaaba -- a cube-shaped structure sacred to Muslims.

The scene was in contrast to Eid last year, when mosques in Saudi Arabia, home to Islam's holiest sites, were largely devoid of worshippers and sermons were banned due to strict coronavirus curbs.

The Prophet's Mosque in the holy city of Medina separately announced its "complete readiness" to receive worshippers for Eid prayers, state media reported.

In Afghanistan, a three-day Eid ceasefire agreed by the warring Taliban and government came into force, offering a glimmer of hope to war-weary Afghans after weeks of deadly violence.

Fighting has intensified since the United States missed a May 1 deadline, agreed with the Taliban last year, to withdraw all of its troops.

"I feel so relaxed and peaceful today because it is Eid and there is no fighting," said Mirajuddin, who was visiting Kabul zoo with his five children, all dressed in new clothes.

In Iran, where the holiday starts later this week, supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was due to pardon or commute the jail sentences of more than 2,000 convicted prisoners for Eid, according to his website.

In Morocco, an overnight curfew imposed as part of measures to battle Covid-19 was kept in place and the final prayers of Ramadan were banned to prevent overcrowding.

Family gatherings were prohibited and mosques closed in Tunisia as part of a week-long partial lockdown that started Sunday.

And tragedy befell Bangladesh, where five people died Wednesday on an overcrowded ferry carrying more than a thousand passengers, officials said.

The South Asian nation has seen a dangerous rush of people in recent days as they defy a coronavirus lockdown to head home for Eid.

Coronavirus