Two high-ranking officers were fired for having "failed their responsibilities" after a landslide in Myanmar killed at least 174 jade miners, the country's military said on Monday in a rare public sanctioning.

Heavy monsoon rains on Thursday sent mud cascading down a hillside over workers scouring the land for the green gemstone in Hpakant in northern Kachin state.

The victims were largely poor migrants who had travelled across the country to prospect in the treacherous open-cast mines, hoping to find valuable stones left behind by the big companies.

It was the worst tragedy in living memory to hit the shadowy, multi-billion dollar industry dominated by firms linked to the military.

A Facebook post Monday by the military announced Kachin Security and Border Affairs Minister Colonel Nay Lin Tun and another unnamed commander had been removed from their posts.

"They were responsible for reporting any trespassing in this restricted area," spokesman Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun told AFP.

"They failed their responsibilities."

The military would hold an investigation and appropriate action against the two men would be taken, he added.

Unidentified miners have been buried in mass graves, while many more remain missing.

They join scores of informal prospectors killed each year in Hpakant as they search for the stone so highly prized over the border in China.

The industry is mired in secrecy. Environmental watchdog Global Witness alleges operators are linked to the military elite and its cronies.

The group estimated the industry was worth some $31 billion in 2014, although very little reaches state coffers.

Some compensation has been handed to the families of the deceased, but observers have criticised the government for a perceived lack of sympathy.

Environment Minister Ohn Win told local media Sunday that "greedy" miners were to blame while civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi has not released a formal statement.

Ethnic Kachin insurgents and the military have been fighting over northern Myanmar's natural resources and the revenues they bring for decades.

The landslide victims were largely poor migrants who had travelled across the country to prospect in dangerous open-cast mines
The landslide victims were largely poor migrants who had travelled across the country to prospect in dangerous open-cast mines AFP / Zaw Moe Htet

The whole industry is a "massive organised crime operation" that exploits those at the bottom, said Yangon-based independent analyst Richard Horsey.

Heavy monsoon rains on Thursday sent mud cascading down a hillside over workers scouring the land for the green gemstone in Hpakant in northern Kachin state.

The victims were largely poor migrants who had travelled across the country to prospect in the treacherous open-cast mines, hoping to find valuable stones left behind by the big companies.

It was the worst tragedy in living memory to hit the shadowy, multi-billion dollar industry dominated by firms linked to the military.

A Facebook post Monday by the military announced Kachin Security and Border Affairs Minister Colonel Nay Lin Tun and another unnamed commander had been removed from their posts.

"They were responsible for reporting any trespassing in this restricted area," spokesman Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun told AFP.

"They failed their responsibilities."

The military would hold an investigation and any appropriate action against the two men would be taken, he added.

Unidentified miners have been buried in mass graves, while many more remain missing.

They join scores of informal prospectors killed each year in Hpakant as they search for the stone so highly prized over the border in China.

The industry is mired in secrecy. Environmental watchdog Global Witness alleges operators are linked to the military elite and its cronies.

The group estimated the industry was worth some $31 billion in 2014, although very little reaches state coffers.

Some compensation has been handed to the families of the deceased, but observers have criticised the government for a perceived lack of sympathy.

Environment Minister Ohn Win told local media Sunday that "greedy" miners were to blame while civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi has not released a formal statement.

Ethnic Kachin insurgents and the military have been fighting over northern Myanmar's natural resources and the revenues they bring for decades.

The whole industry is a "massive organised crime operation" that exploits those at the bottom, said Yangon-based independent analyst Richard Horsey.

China