Tesla's unveiling this week of a new auto factory in Austin has highlighted corporate America's growing affinity for Texas compared with California and other states seen as less business-friendly.

The state, bigger than France in land mass and second among US states to California in population, has become the location of choice for Tesla CEO Elon Musk's new "Gigafactory."

The new factory will be officially presented at what Musk has dubbed a "Cyber Rodeo" on Thursday, with up to 15,000 visitors.

Last year, Tesla moved its corporate headquarters from Silicon Valley to Austin. And Tesla is far from alone in picking the Lone Star state as its corporate seat.

Tesla, which shifted its headquarters to Texas last year, will unveil a new factory in Austin on Thursday
Tesla, which shifted its headquarters to Texas last year, will unveil a new factory in Austin on Thursday AFP / Andrew CABALLERO-REYNOLDS

Texas Governor Greg Abbott has spoken of the state's commitment to "economic liberty." In practice that means Texas is one of just a handful of US states with no individual income tax, or a corporate income tax.

The state also is aggressive about offering subsidies to attract businesses and new jobs.

Texas is home to several major cities that are also significant corporate centers, including Dallas
Texas is home to several major cities that are also significant corporate centers, including Dallas AFP / VALERIE MACON

In a country often described as riven between red (conservative) and blue (progressive) ideologies, Texas and California are in many ways prototypical of a divided country.

Texas has pushed ahead with myriad hardline policies on divisive social issues.

These include heavy restrictions on abortion rights and on parents who seek health services for transgender children -- policies that led New York Times columnist Frank Bruni to recently question whether Texas was the most "meanspirited" state in the nation.

Despite these controversies, big business has continued to flock to Texas.

In 2021, Tesla moved its corporate headquarters from Silicon Valley to Austin
In 2021, Tesla moved its corporate headquarters from Silicon Valley to Austin GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA via AFP / TOM PENNINGTON

The state has long prospered from its legacy as a petroleum powerhouse, but the Austin area has become a major center for technology, while Houston is known as a biomedical center and as home to a major NASA site.

Lee Ohanian and Joseph Vranich of the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank at Stanford University, have hailed the Texas model of lower taxes and limited regulation in comparison with the California approach.

"Texas has become the new California, and California is becoming the new Rust Belt, losing businesses and people to states that offer more opportunities and a better, more affordable life," they wrote in an August 2021 column that noted that Texas has now seven times the number of capital investment projects compared with California.

The state is home to dozens of Fortune 500 companies, including others that have, like Texas, relocated to the Lone Star State. These include Oracle and Hewlett Packard, which moved in 2020.

Other companies that are based in other states are also picking Texas as home to key operations.

Aerospace giant Boeing, which is based in Chicago, is considering relocating some of its remanufacturing capacity from Seattle to Texas, an industrial source told AFP.

Beyond its business climate, Texas is home to several top schools, including Rice University in Houston and the University of Texas at Austin, both ongoing sources of young, diverse and skilled labor.

Moreover, Texas' greater affordability in terms of lower rental costs, accessible cost of living and more physical space makes the state an appealing option for recent graduates.

In the third quarter of 2021, the median price for a home was $233,593 in Austin and $274,136 in Dallas. That compared with $1.2 million in San Francisco and $647,605 in Westchester County, New York, according to National Association of Realtors.

"Why Texas?" asked Abbott in a recent fireside chat.

"From education, agriculture, space, technology, and more, Texas offers everything families, growing businesses, and individuals need to succeed," Abbott said, pointing to attributes that include "our world-class business climate and diverse workforce that make Texas the best place to live, work, and raise a family."