Billionaire hedge fund manager John Paulson, whose bet against the overheated housing market made him one of the world's wealthiest people, became a lot richer last year.

By earning an estimated $5 billion in 2010 thanks mainly to bets the economy would recover, Paulson likely set a record for the $1.9 trillion hedge fund industry's biggest-ever year's earnings. He beat his own record, which he set in 2007 with a $4 billion haul made off the subprime bet.

The Wall Street Journal first reported Paulson's payout in its Friday edition, and investors familiar with Paulson's portfolios said the number is likely correct given the manager's asset size and his recent profitable bets on Citigroup and gold.

More generally, Paulson's eye-popping payday confirms that hedge funds are still Wall Street's gold mine, where hefty fees make hundreds of managers extremely rich. But it also underscores concerns among investors that they may not always be getting their money's worth, especially when hedge fund returns lag behind the broader markets.

For Paulson, who now ranks among the likes of Warren Buffett and Pimco's Bill Gross as the world's most closely watched investors, the payday comes after he reversed deep losses in his funds halfway through the year. And it may finally put to rest speculation that his investing prowess was limited to one lucky bet during the subprime era.

He did it on the short side and on the long side, said Brad Alford, founder of Alpha Capital Management, which invests with hedge funds. He proved that he can really do it all.

Other prominent managers like Appaloosa Management's David Tepper and Bridgewater Associates' Ray Dalio likely also earned 10-figure paychecks, the Journal reported.

EYEBROWS RAISED

Thanks to a spurt in December, John Paulson's $7.7 billion Advantage Plus Fund ended the year up 17 percent. That is not much more than the Standard & Poor's 500 index' 15 percent gain but it surely returned more in fees to Paulson & Co than to a mutual fund manager overseeing a portfolio tracking the index.

Now the payouts for Paulson and his fellow top hedge fund managers at firms managing over $20 billion are sure to raise new questions about managers' high pay even for low returns.

Overall, the average hedge fund gained 10.5 percent last year, lagging the S&P and falling short of the industry's own 19 percent return in 2009, data from Hedge Fund Research showed. But managers will still collect 2 percent management fees and about a 20 percent cut of their gains.

In Paulson's case, the fact that his 17-year-old firm Paulson & Co oversees about $35 billion fattened up his payout. To be fair, Paulson also invests his entire fortune in his funds and since his gold fund gained 35 percent, his investment gains added billions to his payout.

For other managers, including ones who lost money, however, the industry payouts may seem less fair, investors and analysts said.

People are fine with hedge fund fee structures as long as they are making great returns, said Stewart Massey, who invests with hedge funds at Massey, Quick & Co. But where they get antsy is where managers have middling returns and the managers are still making a lot of money.

As hedge funds look for new investors, experts say that investors' demands on pay will hold more sway. A push from some investors to set a so-called hurdle rate, or minimum accepted rate of return, for manager pay, or to reward them only if they exceed certain benchmarks may gain traction.

ROAD TO BIG PAYDAYS

The big paydays at hedge funds are likely to confirm that hedge funds can be modern-day gold mines on Wall Street and spark even more movement from the world of banking and mutual fund management into this asset class.

Many of these big hedge fund managers are now earning more than professional athletes, said Kenneth Murray, president of Mercury Partners, which recruits staff for hedge funds. And they can do this for the rest of their lives, unlike sports stars who have to find another job after the age of 35 ... 100 percent, hedge funds are the places where everyone wants to be.

But he and other recruiters agree that as the industry matures, it is becoming harder for newcomers to break in, and that portfolio managers need to bring long records of top performance before getting a job. Also, with investors becoming pickier, it is harder to raise a lot of money.

If you've been in the game and successful, you may be set for life, but for everyone else it is becoming tougher, Murray said.

(Editing by Robert MacMillan; Editing by Gary Hill)

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