A record high number of fires scorched Brazil's Amazon and Pantanal wetlands last month, official data showed on Sunday, as deforestation and climate change wreaked havoc on some of the planet's most valuable ecosystems.

The Amazon rainforest has been described as the Earth's "lungs" due to its role in producing almost 10 percent of the world's oxygen.

There have been more fires in the Brazilian Pantanal in the first 10 months of 2020 than in all of 2019
There have been more fires in the Brazilian Pantanal in the first 10 months of 2020 than in all of 2019 AFP / Mauro Pimentel

The Pantanal further south is one of the world's largest tropical wetlands and a biodiversity paradise that extends across Brazil's borders into Paraguay and Bolivia.

The number of fires typically fall in October as the Amazon approaches the rainy season.

But Brazil's National Institute of Space Research (INPE) on Sunday recorded 17,326 fires in the Amazon in October, more than double the number seen in the same month in 2019.

Amanaci, an adult female jaguar that had its paws burnt during fires in Pantanal, recieves stem cell treatment at the Nex Institute NGO, in Corumba de Goias, Goias State, Brazil
Amanaci, an adult female jaguar that had its paws burnt during fires in Pantanal, recieves stem cell treatment at the Nex Institute NGO, in Corumba de Goias, Goias State, Brazil AFP / EVARISTO SA

Satellite imagery showed close to 100,000 fires in the first 10 months of 2020, more than were seen in the whole of last year.

The INPE also detected almost 3,000 individual fires in the Pantanal, a new monthly record since data collection began in 1998.

A volunteer throws water to control a fire in the Pantanal, Brazil
A volunteer throws water to control a fire in the Pantanal, Brazil AFP / Mauro Pimentel

The region -- 23 percent of which is estimated to have gone up in smoke this year -- has seen a record-breaking 21,115 fires so far this year, more than double the number registered in all of 2019.

Experts and environmental NGOs blame the worsening fires on Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, a climate change skeptic who supports opening both regions to logging and farming.

Some fires are the result of burning to prepare the land for livestock, despite a 120-day ban on the practice imposed in July.

"With deforestation rates increasing in recent years, warnings by researchers were ignored by the government: deforestation and fire go together," said Mariana Napolitano, the head of the science program at World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Brazil.

"After deforesting the jungle, the offenders set fires to clean up the accumulated organic material... at the end of the month, with the arrival of the rains, the pace of the fires seems to be slowing down, but we can hardly depend on climate factors," she said.

"What happened in the dry season in the Amazon and Pantanal cannot be repeated."

Climate change has also played a role in the fires, with a team of international researchers warning this year that rising global temperatures posed a "critical threat" to the Pantanal's delicate ecosystem.

President Bolsonaro has denounced a campaign of "disinformation" about the Pantanal and the Amazon, even blaming local indigenous people and activists for setting the fires.