As Ukraine War Enters Second Month, Western Leaders To Put More Pressure On Russia

Russian forces bombed areas of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on Wednesday as Western leaders began gathering in Brussels to plan more measures to pressure Russian President Vladimir Putin to halt his month-old campaign.

Putin, responding to a welter of Western sanctions that have hit Russia's economy hard and frozen its assets, said Moscow planned to switch its gas sales to "unfriendly" countries to roubles - a move that alarmed international markets.

And in a sign of cracks in Moscow's ranks, a veteran aide to Putin, Anatoly Chubais, resigned over the Ukraine war and has left Russia with no intention to return, two sources said. He was the first senior official to break with the Kremlin since Putin launched his invasion on Feb. 24.

Although the invasion force has stalled in some areas and Ukrainian resistance has thwarted its hopes for a swift victory, Russian artillery and war planes maintained their bombardments on several cities while civilians sheltered underground.

"I have never seen such cruelty before," said Kateryna Mytkevich, 38, who reached the Polish border transit hub of Przemysl with her child after fleeing the eastern city of Chernihiv. The city was "fully destroyed", she said.

U.S. President Joe Biden was flying to Europe for an emergency summit on Ukraine with NATO and European leaders at the alliance's headquarters in Brussels on Thursday.

The leaders are expected to roll out additional sanctions against Russia. They would also agree to bolster forces on the alliance's eastern flank, NATO secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg told a news conference.

However, Stoltenberg said NATO would not send troops into Ukraine.

"It is extremely important to provide support to Ukraine and we are stepping up. But at the same time it is also extremely important to prevent this conflict becoming a full-fledged war between NATO and Russia," he said.

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy in a phone call he would use the meeting to push for an increase in defensive lethal aid to Ukraine, Johnson's office said.

U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan said Washington would announce a package of sanctions on political figures and oligarchs. G7 leaders would also agree to coordinate on sanctions enforcement, he said.

"UNFRIENDLY" COUNTRIES

Putin's announcement that Russia would switch certain gas sales to roubles sent European futures soaring on concerns the switch would exacerbate an energy crunch and jam up deals that run to hundreds of millions of dollars every day.

Russian gas accounts for some 40% of Europe's total gas consumption.

Moscow has drawn up a list of "unfriendly" countries which corresponds to those that imposed sanctions. They include the United States, European Union members, Britain and Japan, among others.

Russia would continue to supply natural gas in line with previously concluded contracts, Putin said at a televised meeting with government ministers.

"The changes will only affect the currency of payment, which will be changed to Russian roubles," he said.

Putin sent his troops into Ukraine on Feb. 24 on what he terms a "special military operation" to demilitarise and "denazify" the country. The West says it is a war of aggression aimed at reasserting Russia's sway over the former Soviet republic.

But after a month of bloodshed, Russian forces have failed to capture a single major city.

Although the Kremlin says the operation is going to plan, they have taken heavy losses, got stuck on most fronts, and face supply problems and fierce resistance. They have turned to siege tactics and bombardments, causing huge destruction and many civilian deaths.

The conflict has also driven a quarter of Ukraine's 44 million people from their homes.

Kyiv's mayor, Vitali Klitschko, told reporters on Wednesday that 264 civilians in the city had been killed by Russian attacks. The noise of bombs falling could be heard in the background as he spoke. But Ukrainian forces had retaken the nearby towns of Makariv and Irpin from Russian control, he said.

Klitschko said later that one person was killed and two wounded on Wednesday when shells hit a shopping centre parking lot in a northern part of Kyiv. "The enemy continues to fire at the capital," Klitschko said in an online post.

Russia denies targeting civilians.

SMOKE AND FLAMES

Worst hit has been Mariupol, a southern port surrounded by Russian forces, where hundreds of thousands of people have been sheltering since the war's early days, under constant bombardment and with food, water and heating supplies cut.

Satellite photographs from commercial firm Maxar showed massive destruction of what was once a city of 400,000 people, with columns of smoke rising from residential apartment buildings in flames.

Despite its losses so far, Russia may still be hoping to make more battlefield gains, especially in the east in territory including Mariupol that Moscow demands Ukraine cede to Russian-backed separatists.

British military intelligence said the entire battlefield across northern Ukraine - which includes armoured columns that once threatened Kyiv - was now static, with the invaders apparently trying to reorganise.

In the east, the Russians were trying to link troops at Mariupol with those near Kharkiv, Ukraine's second city, in the hope of encircling Ukrainian forces. In the southwest they were bypassing Mykolayiv city to try to advance on Odesa, Ukraine's biggest port, the British report said.

Ukrainian officials described shelling in other cities overnight, with two civilians killed in Mykolayiv region and a bridge destroyed in Chernihiv region. Reuters could not verify these incidents.

ECONOMIC REFORMER

In Moscow, the Kremlin confirmed that Chubais, the senior aide, had resigned.

Chubais was a principle architect of Boris Yeltsin's economic reforms of the 1990s and was Putin's boss in his first Kremlin job. He later ran state businesses under Putin and held political jobs, lately serving as Kremlin special envoy to international organisations.

Russia meanwhile told Washington it would throw out a number of American diplomats in response to a U.S. move to expel Russian staff from the permanent United Nations mission, Interfax news agency said.