Like many Indian women, college student Suvarna Dongare dreads getting caught short when she is out and about, with hygienic public toilets in short supply across the country.

The wees on the bus: Pink buses provide a safe and clean toilet for some Indian women
The wees on the bus: Pink buses provide a safe and clean toilet for some Indian women AFP / Indranil MUKHERJEE

So she was pleasantly surprised to find a pink women-only "washroom-on-wheels" in a public park in western India -- one of several facilities dotting the city of Pune, where a pair of entrepreneurs have transformed run-down buses into hop-on toilets.

Finding a clean and safe toilet in parts of India is a challenge
Finding a clean and safe toilet in parts of India is a challenge AFP / Indranil MUKHERJEE

"I came to the park and wanted to visit the bathroom urgently. These toilets are very comfortable and felt safe," 18-year-old Dongare told AFP.

For a relatively affordable five-rupee-fee (seven US cents), any woman can board the toilet to use the facilities, breastfeed babies or purchase sanitary napkins and diapers.

Attendants sell sanitary napkins and diapers
Attendants sell sanitary napkins and diapers AFP / Indranil MUKHERJEE

Launched in 2016 by entrepreneurs Ulka Sadalkar and Rajeev Kher, the "Ti Toilet" project -- "ti" means "her" in the local Marathi language -- has 12 mobile washrooms, on average used by more 200 women daily. The buses are powered by solar panels mounted on top of the vehicle.

Public toilets in India are often dirty, smelly and poorly maintained
Public toilets in India are often dirty, smelly and poorly maintained AFP / NARINDER NANU

Sadalkar said the pair, who run a portable sanitation business, came up with the idea as part of a series of projects focused on improving hygiene in the city.

"We believe women deserve access to clean and safe washrooms and it is their basic right," she told AFP, adding that the duo wanted to open 1,000 toilets across India in the next five years.

Despite government claims that India is free of 'open defecation', millions still lack access to working toilets
Despite government claims that India is free of 'open defecation', millions still lack access to working toilets AFP / Prakash SINGH

"We focused a lot on aesthetics in refurbishing these buses and provided clean toilets, television sets, temperature monitors with an attendant in tow."

Pink women-only washroom-on-wheels transformed from old buses have been popping up at various parts of India's western city of Pune. In a country with a lack of hygienic public toilets especially for women, the initiative is warmly welcomed and received.
Pink women-only washroom-on-wheels transformed from old buses have been popping up at various parts of India's western city of Pune. In a country with a lack of hygienic public toilets especially for women, the initiative is warmly welcomed and received. AFPTV / Indranil MUKHERJEE

Manisha Adhav, 40, who operates one of the toilets, told AFP she felt "proud working here as we are doing something for women".

"Women bless me ... as they come here from far away areas as well because there aren't enough public washrooms around."

Even as India went on a building spree constructing millions of toilets as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's flagship "Clean India" programme, experts said the lack of water or electricity meant many remain unused.

State governments have struggled to maintain public toilets, which are often poorly lit, unmanned, and reek of urine and faeces.

These too are mostly used by men, with women -- fearing for their safety -- going long hours without using such facilities.

Modi in October declared India free of open defecation and said 600 million people had been provided with access to toilets.

But experts questioned the claims and said sanitation and safety remain intertwined for millions of Indian women.

India