Wi-Fi
A Cathay Pacific air-hostess poses with a Wi-Fi instruction card at Hong Kong airport, May 30, 2016. Reuters/Bobby Yip

Ever since its inception, WiFi has played an integral part in making us stay connected with people, both at home and in public. We rely on it to perform everyday tasks using social media apps, emails, and maps.

Despite its enormous benefits, Wi-Fi can lead to adverse health outcomes. Although the telecommunications industry reassures against any possible health impacts, with Wi-Fi exposure getting highly common, there is indeed a great concern about the possible health effects caused by it.

Several studies conducted on Wi-Fi has suggested that it can be a threat to health and can cause:

1. Oxidative stress- When exposed to Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) or Wi-Fi, it can cause various chemical effects like deterioration in the molecules of your cells and can even cause an imbalance in the ionic equilibrium. And the oxygen molecules that form the essence of life, can generate hazardous by-products during various biological reactions. Free radical formation takes place during the exposure and oxidative stress occurs when your antioxidant defense system fails to prevent the harmful effects of these free radicals.

2. Testicular/Sperm damage- Exposure to EMFs and Wi-Fi has been proven to lower sperm counts and sperm quality in many countries worldwide. Given the impact of EMF exposure on sperm count, the evidence on male fertility is highly worrying.

3. Neuropsychiatric effects- Due to the cellular DNA damage, it is possible that it causes brain damage and produces neuropsychiatric effects in human beings which may be highly irreversible.

4. Apoptosis- One of the major ill effects of these radiations is increased cell death. Apoptosis can be caused by the breakage of cellular DNA caused by excessive calcium levels in the mitochondria.

5. Cellular DNA damage- Wi-Fi exposures have been said to cause irreversible cellular DNA damage which can cause cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

6. Endocrine changes- EMFs have been reported to cause changes in neuroendocrine tissues and affect testis and sperm production.

7. Calcium overload- The major cause of various health effects such as apoptosis, neurodegenerative diseases, etc can be caused by calcium overload due to the impact of EMFs on brain structure. Studies claim that the overload was been measure substantially over a while, following Wi-Fi exposure.

The above-mentioned effects can also occur when exposed to microwave frequencies and voltage-gated calcium channel activation. Although Wi-Fi effects lack any power to come to any substantive conclusions, these causes should all be considered as established health effects of Wi-Fi.