Loudly chanting their opposition to face masks and vaccines, thousands of people gathered in Berlin on Saturday to protest against coronavirus restrictions before being dispersed by police.

Police put turnout at around 20,000 -- well below the 500,000 organisers had announced as they urged a "day of freedom" from months of virus curbs.

Demonstrators, some of whom have branded the pandemic a conspiracy, demanded a "day of freedom" in protest against virus curbs
Demonstrators, some of whom have branded the pandemic a conspiracy, demanded a "day of freedom" in protest against virus curbs AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Despite Germany's comparatively low toll, authorities are concerned at a rise in infections over recent weeks and politicians took to social media to criticise the rally as irresponsible.

"We are the second wave," shouted the crowd, a mixture of hard left and right and conspiracy theorists as they converged on the Brandenburg Gate, demanding "resistance" and dubbing the pandemic "the biggest conspiracy theory".

As politicians slammed the rally, a small number of counter-protesters gathered, one holding a sign reading "we are many. Berlin against Nazis"
As politicians slammed the rally, a small number of counter-protesters gathered, one holding a sign reading "we are many. Berlin against Nazis" AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Few protesters wore a mask or respected the 1.5-metre (five-foot) social distancing requirement, an AFP journalist reported, despite police repeatedly calling on them via megaphone to do so.

After several warnings, Berlin police ordered demonstrators to leave the area at the end of the afternoon.

Marchers unveil a banner reading "health is more than the simple absence of illness"
Marchers unveil a banner reading "health is more than the simple absence of illness" AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Police tweeted they had launched legal proceedings against organisers for not respecting virus hygiene rules.

A handful of people held a counter demonstration. Dubbing themselves "grandmothers against the extreme right", they hurled insults against "Nazi" protesters.

The protest's "Day of Freedom" slogan echoes the title of a 1935 documentary by Nazi-era film-maker Leni Riefenstahl on a party conference by Hitler's National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Although infections have been creeping back up in Germany, some marchers say imposing rafts of restrictions amount to "scare tactics"
Although infections have been creeping back up in Germany, some marchers say imposing rafts of restrictions amount to "scare tactics" AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Several politicians condemned the demonstration as Germany seeks to minimise transmission of a virus which had claimed just over 9,000 deaths as of Saturday -- a far lower toll than its neighbours.

World toll of coronavirus infections and deaths as of April 7, 2020 at 1100 GMT
World toll of coronavirus infections and deaths as of April 7, 2020 at 1100 GMT AFP / Valentine GRAVELEAU

Saskia Esken of the Social Democrats, a junior coalition partner in Angela Merkel's government, blasted the demonstrators as "Covidiots".

Thousands railed against the German government's measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic
Thousands railed against the German government's measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic AFPTV / Raphaelle LOGEROT

In a tweet Esken railed: "No distancing, no mask. They are not only putting at risk our health but also our success against the pandemic as well as economic recovery, education and society. Irresponsible!"

Health Minister Jens Spahn agreed: "Yes, demonstrations should also be possible in times of coronavirus, but not like this. Distance, hygiene rules and masks serve to protect us all, so we treat each other with respect."

Jan Redmann, regional head of Merkel's Christian Democrats in the eastern state of Brandenburg, also took aim at the marchers.

"A thousand new infections a day still and in Berlin there are protests against anti-virus measures? We can no longer allow ourselves these dangerous absurdities," Redmann complained.

Interior Minister Horst Seehofer, who hails from Merkel's traditional right ally the Christian Social Union, showed a measure of understanding, however.

"Of course there are always different opinions regarding infringements of basic rights and restrictions of freedom -- first, it's normal and, in my view, it's not the majority," Seehofer told Bavarian daily Passauer Neue Presse.

Saturday saw 955 new infections -- a level which the country had not seen since May 9, according to the Robert Koch health institute.

But marchers insist the risk of catching the virus is being much overblown.

"It's pure scare tactics. I don't see any danger with the virus," one marcher, Iris Bitzenmeier, told AFP.

"I don't know any other sick people. I knew many in March -- skiers, holidaymakers. Something was really afoot in February -- but now there are no longer any sick people," she insisted.

"People who don't inform themselves -- unlike ourselves -- remain ignorant and believe what the government tells them. They get caught up in the fear the government puts in our heads -- and that fear weakens the immune system," she said.

Coronavirus Germany