ECB Hikes Rates More Than Flagged In Race To Tame Inflation

The European Central Bank raised interest rates by more than expected on Thursday as concerns about runaway inflation trumped worries about growth, even while the euro zone economy is suffering from the impact of Russia's war in Ukraine.

The ECB raised its benchmark deposit rate by 50 basis points to zero percent, breaking its own guidance for a 25 basis point move as it joined global peers in jacking up borrowing costs. It was the ECB's first rate increase in 11 years.

Policymakers also agreed to provide extra help for the 19-country currency bloc's more indebted nations - Italy among them - with a new bond purchase scheme intended to cap the rise in their borrowing costs and so limit financial fragmentation.

Ending an eight-year experiment with negative interest rates, the ECB also lifted its main refinancing rate to 0.50%, and promised more hikes, possibly as soon as its Sept. 8 meeting with more to follow later.

ECB President Christine Lagarde said a clear deterioration of the inflation outlook and unanimous backing for the anti-fragmentation instrument justified the bigger move.

"Price pressure is spreading across more and more sectors," Lagarde said. "We expect inflation to remain undesirably high for some time." She listed driving factors including higher food and energy costs and wage rises.

"We decided on balance that it was appropriate to take a larger step towards exiting from negative interest rates."

But even if the ECB is now moving more quickly, Lagarde said, the terminal rate - or level where hikes end - has not changed.

The ECB did not provide guidance for its expected rate hike in September, saying only that further increases will be as appropriate and decisions will be made meeting by meeting.

The ECB had for weeks guided markets to expect a 25 basis point increase on Thursday, but sources close to the discussion said 50 basis points came into play shortly before the meeting as part of a deal including help for indebted countries.

With inflation already approaching double-digit territory, it is at risk of getting entrenched well above the ECB's 2% target, with any gas shortage over the coming winter likely to push prices even higher, perpetuating rapid price growth.

Lagarde warned that risks to the inflation outlook were on the upside and have intensified, particularly as the war is likely to drag on, keeping energy prices high for longer.

Economists polled by Reuters had predicted a 25 basis point increase but most favoured a 50 basis point hike, lifting the ECB's record-low minus 0.5% deposit rate to zero.

The euro climbed as much as 0.8% to $1.0261, having traded at $1.0198 just before the statement but turned negative on the day as Lagarde spoke. Markets now price in almost a 50 basis point rate hike in September and see a combined 124 basis points of rises over the rest of the year.

GOING BIG?

The new bond purchase scheme, called the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI), is intended to cap the rise in borrowing costs across the currency bloc as policy tightens.

"The scale of TPI purchases depends on the severity of the risks facing policy transmission," the ECB said in a statement. "The TPI will ensure that the monetary policy stance is transmitted smoothly across all euro area countries."

As ECB rates rise, borrowing costs increase disproportionately for countries like Italy, Spain or Portugal as investors demand a bigger premium to hold their debt.

"The ECB is capable of going big for that," Lagarde said.

Activating the instrument will be entirely within the discretion of the ECB and the bank will target public sector bonds with maturities between one and 10 years.

Countries will be eligible if they comply with European Union fiscal rules and do not face "severe macroeconomic imbalances". Compliance with commitments under the EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility will be needed, as will an assessment of debt sustainability.

The ECB's commitment on Thursday comes as a political crisis in Italy is already weighing on markets following the resignation of Prime Minister Mario Draghi, who was Lagarde's predecessor at the ECB.

The yield spread between Italian and German 10-year bonds widened to 246.5 basis points during Lagarde's news conference, not far from the 250 basis point level that triggered an emergency ECB policy meeting last month.

The ECB's 50 basis point hike still leaves it lagging its global peers, particularly the U.S. Federal Reserve, which lifted rates by 75 basis points last month and is likely to move by a similar margin in July.

But the euro zone is more exposed to the war in Ukraine and a threatened cut off in gas supplies from Russia could tip the bloc into recession, leaving policymakers with a dilemma of balancing growth and inflation considerations.

(Writing by Mark John; Editing by Toby Chopra, John Stonestreet and Catherine Evans)