Egypt unveiled Sunday ancient treasures found at the Saqqara archaeological site south of Cairo, including sarcophagi over 3,000 years old, a discovery that "rewrites history", according to famed Egyptologist Zahi Hawass.

Saqqara is a vast necropolis of the ancient Egyptian capital of Memphis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site home to more than a dozen pyramids, ancient monasteries, and animal burial sites.

Hawass said his team had discovered a total of 22 burial shafts at the site
Hawass said his team had discovered a total of 22 burial shafts at the site AFP / Khaled DESOUKI

A team headed by Hawass made the finds near the pyramid of King Teti, the first pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

More than 50 wooden sarcophagi dating to the New Kingdom (16th century BC to 11th century BC) were found in a burial shaft.

The wooden sarcophagi are dated to the New Kingdom (16th century BC to 11th century BC)
The wooden sarcophagi are dated to the New Kingdom (16th century BC to 11th century BC) AFP / Khaled DESOUKI

"This discovery re-writes the history of Saqqara and more specifically the history of the New Kingdom, which began 3,000 years ago," Hawass told AFP on Sunday.

He said his team had discovered a total of 22 shafts.

A team headed by Egyptologist Zahi Hawass found more than 50 wooden sarcophagi over 3,000 years old in the latest discovery at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo
A team headed by Egyptologist Zahi Hawass found more than 50 wooden sarcophagi over 3,000 years old in the latest discovery at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo AFP / Khaled DESOUKI

"One of the coffins belonged to a soldier. We found the axe that he used to fight," Hawass said.

A stone sarcophagus was also found, he added, as well as "a papyrus around five metres long containing the 17th chapter of the book of the dead... masks, wooden boats, games the ancient Egyptians used to play".

Objects including human skulls and bones were displayed to the press on Sunday, while excavations of the site are ongoing
Objects including human skulls and bones were displayed to the press on Sunday, while excavations of the site are ongoing AFP / Khaled DESOUKI

The games, known as Senet and Game 20, he said, were placed in the tombs so the dead could play on in the afterlife.

Those who win at Senet "will go to the other world, to the field of Aaru -- this is the paradise of ancient Egypt," said Hawass.

"It is a rare and new discovery because most of the artefacts we found are dated back to the New Kingdom, whereas in Saqqara, it's usually more around 500 BC," he added.

There has been a flurry of excavations at Saqqara in recent years
There has been a flurry of excavations at Saqqara in recent years AFP / Khaled DESOUKI

Objects including human skulls and bones were displayed to the media on Sunday, while excavations of the site are ongoing.

The artefacts unearthed by the team so far represent only 30 percent of what is expected, Hawass said, adding that 70 percent still remains buried under the sands of Saqqara.

Egypt's tourism and antiquities ministry had announced Saturday "major discoveries" at Saqqara, where there has been a flurry of excavations in recent years.

The ministry said the team had also discovered the "funerary temple of Queen Nearit, the wife of King Teti, which had already been partially discovered in recent years".

Three warehouses made of bricks were also found on the site and were used to store ritual offerings to the deities, it said.

The Saqqara site is also home to the step pyramid of Djoser, one of the earliest built in ancient Egypt.

Later this year, and after several delays, authorities hope to inaugurate a new museum -- the Grand Egyptian Museum -- at the Giza plateau, home to the famed Giza pyramids.

Egypt hopes archaeological discoveries will spur tourism, a sector which has suffered multiple shocks, from a 2011 uprising to today's coronavirus pandemic.

Egypt