The birthplace of Germany's national anthem and a practice bombing range for British airmen after World War II, Helgoland island in the North Sea turns cuddly at the turn of the year as grey seals arrive to give birth.

Grey seals come to Helgoland island in the North Sea to give birth
Grey seals come to Helgoland island in the North Sea to give birth AFP / John MACDOUGALL

The Jordsand society, dedicated to preserving North Sea coastal life, has counted more than 520 births since November.

According to the Jordsand society, dedicated to preserving North Sea coastal life, more than 520 seals have been born on the island since November
According to the Jordsand society, dedicated to preserving North Sea coastal life, more than 520 seals have been born on the island since November AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Dozens of tourists come each day to see the white-furred seal pups hop around the beach during the whelping season that lasts into January.

Tourists come daily to see the white-furred seal pups hop around the beach during the whelping season
Tourists come daily to see the white-furred seal pups hop around the beach during the whelping season AFP / John MACDOUGALL

"They're so close and so lively. I often watch them on TV, but it's much more exciting to come here," said Karin, who had made a long trip to the island, also spelled Heligoland in English, from Essen in western Germany.

Rangers keep excited tourists who have come to see the seals at a distance of at least 30 metres (100 feet)
Rangers keep excited tourists who have come to see the seals at a distance of at least 30 metres (100 feet) AFP / John MACDOUGALL

But two local rangers and Jordsand volunteers must keep the excited fans at a distance of at least 30 metres (100 feet).

Adult seals can grow as large as 300 kilogrammes (660 pounds) and won't hesitate to bite if they feel threatened.

Rangers warn that if the seals get too used to people, they could start wanting to play in the water in summer and injure people
Rangers warn that if the seals get too used to people, they could start wanting to play in the water in summer and injure people AFP / John MACDOUGALL

"Sometimes, the tourists forget the restrictions and get too close. If the seals get too used to people, that has negative consequences in summer," said ranger Ute Pausch.

Seal numbers have grown in response to rising water temperatures
Seal numbers have grown in response to rising water temperatures AFP / John MACDOUGALL

"They'll want to play in the water and they can injure swimmers."

After three weeks nursing with their mothers, the pups are left to fend for themselves in the North Sea
After three weeks nursing with their mothers, the pups are left to fend for themselves in the North Sea AFP / John MACDOUGALL

Wooden boardwalks have been set up to corral the tourists during whelping season.

The challenge has become all the greater as seal numbers have grown in response to rising water temperatures.

Researchers say climate change is behind waters growing 1.6 degrees Celsius (2.9 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer in the past 45 years.

Now, "the seals are more and more numerous, I think it's because there's more food around," said Elmar Ballstaedt, who works for the Jordsand society.

But potential negative effects of global warming could one day outweigh the bonanza for the sea-dwelling mammals, he warned.

"We're at sea level here. If the water rises, we'll certainly have new challenges to overcome," Ballstaedt said.

In the nearer term, the seal year is just getting started on Helgoland.

After three weeks nursing with their mothers, the pups are left to fend for themselves in the North Sea.

But they return to the island in the spring to moult -- and to take another turn in front of crowds of tourists and photographers.