How Pakistan Helps the U.S. Armed-Drone Campaign

(REUTERS) -- The death of a senior al-Qaida leader in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan's tribal badlands, the first strike in almost two months, signaled that the U.S.-Pakistan intelligence partnership is still in operation despite recent political tensions.

The Jan. 10 strike -- and its follow-up two days later -- were joint operations, a Pakistani security source based in the tribal areas told Reuters.

They made use of Pakistani spotters on the ground and demonstrated a level of coordination that both sides have sought to downplay since tensions erupted in January of last year with the killing of two Pakistanis by a CIA contractor in Lahore.

Our working relationship is a bit different from our political relationship, the source told Reuters, requesting anonymity. It's more productive.

U.S. and Pakistani sources told Reuters that the target of the Jan 10 attack was Aslam Awan, a Pakistani national from Abbottabad, the town where Osama bin Laden was killed last May by a U.S. commando team.

They said he was targeted in a strike by a U.S.-operated drone directed at what news reports said was a compound near the town of Miranshah in the border province of North Waziristan.

That strike broke an undeclared eight-week hiatus in attacks by the armed, unmanned drones that patrol the tribal areas and are a key weapon in U.S. President Barack Obama's counterterrorism strategy.

The sources described Awan, also known by the nom de guerre Abdullah Khorasani, as a significant figure in the remaining core leadership of al-Qaida, which U.S. officials say has been sharply reduced by the drone campaign. Most of the drone attacks are conducted as part of a clandestine CIA operation.

The Pakistani source, who helped target Awan, could not confirm that he was killed, but the U.S. official said he was. European officials said Awan had spent time in London and had ties to British extremists before returning to Pakistan.

The source, who says he runs a network of spotters primarily in North and South Waziristan, described for the first time how U.S.-Pakistani cooperation on strikes works, with his Pakistani agents keeping close tabs on suspected militants and building a pattern of their movements and associations.

We run a network of human intelligence sources, he said. Separately, we monitor their cell and satellite phones.

Thirdly, we run joint monitoring operations with our U.S. and UK friends, he added, noting that cooperation with British intelligence was also extensive.

Pakistani and U.S. intelligence officers, using their own sources, hash out joint priority of targets lists in regular face-to-face meetings, he said. Al-Qaida is our top priority, he said. He declined to say where the meetings take place.

Once a target is identified and marked, his network coordinates with drone operators on the U.S. side. He said the United States bases drones outside Kabul, likely at Bagram airfield about 25 miles (40 kilometers) north of the capital.

From spotting to firing a missile hardly takes about two to three hours, he said.

Drone Strikes a Sore Point with Pakistan

It was impossible to verify the source's claims -- and American experts, who decline to discuss the drone program, say the Pakistanis' cooperation has been less helpful in the past.

U.S. officials have complained that when information on drone strikes was shared with the Pakistanis beforehand, the targets were often tipped off, allowing them to escape.

Drone strikes have been a sore point with the public and Pakistani politicians, who describe them as violations of sovereignty that produce unacceptable civilian casualties.

The last strike before January had been on Nov. 16, 10 days before 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed in what NATO says was an inadvertent cross-border attack on a Pakistani border post.

That incident sent U.S.-Pakistan relations into the deepest crisis since Islamabad joined the U.S.-led war on militancy following the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. On Thursday, Pakistani foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar said ties were on hold while Pakistan completes a review of the alliance.

The United States sees Pakistan as critical to its efforts to wind down the war in Afghanistan, where U.S.-led NATO forces are battling a Taliban insurgency.

Some U.S. and Pakistani officials say that both sides are trying to improve ties. As part of this process, a U.S. official said, it is possible that some permanent changes could be made in the drone program that could slow the pace of attacks.

The security source said very few innocent people had been killed in the strikes. When a militant takes shelter in a house or compound that is then bombed, the ones who are harboring him, they are equally responsible, he said. When they stay at a host house, they [the hosts] obviously have sympathies for these guys.

He denied that Pakistan helped target civilians. If ... others say innocents have been targeted, it's not true, he said. We never target civilians or innocents.

The New America Foundation policy institute says that of 283 reported strikes from 2004 to Nov. 16, 2011, between 1,717 and 2,680 people were killed. Between 293 and 471 were thought to be civilians -- about 17 percent of those killed.

However, the Brookings Institution says civilian deaths are high, reporting in 2009 that for every militant killed, 10 or more civilians also died. Pakistan's interior minister, Rehman Malik, also said in April 2011 that the majority of victims are innocent civilians.

Still, despite its public stance, Pakistan has quietly supported the drone program since Obama ramped up air strikes when he took office in 2009 and even asked for more flights.

According to a U.S. State Department cable published by anti-secrecy organization WikiLeaks, Pakistan's chief of army staff Gen. Ashfaq Kayani in February 2008 asked Adm. William J. Fallon, then-commander of U.S. Central Command, for increased surveillance and round-the-clock drone coverage over North and South Waziristan.

The security source said Pakistan's powerful spy agency, the Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence, also was supportive of the strikes, albeit privately.

(Additional reporting by Mark Hosenball in Washington; Editing by Ron Popeski)