Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Unveils ‘Vision 2030’ Plan To Break Saudi Arabia’s ‘Oil Addiction’

The powerful young prince overseeing Saudi Arabia's economy unveiled ambitious plans Monday aimed at ending the kingdom's “addiction” to oil and transforming it into a global investment power.

Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman said the world’s top oil exporter would raise the capital of its public investment fund to 7 trillion riyals ($2 trillion) from 600 billion riyals ($160 billion) and would sell up to 5 percent of shares in state oil giant Aramco.

The plans also included changes that would alter the social structure of the ultraconservative Muslim kingdom by pushing for women to have a bigger economic role and by offering improved status to resident expatriates.

“We will not allow our country ever to be at the mercy of commodity price volatility or external markets,” Mohammed said at his first news conference with international journalists, who were invited to a Riyadh palace for the event.

“We have developed a case of oil addiction in Saudi Arabia,” he had earlier told al-Arabiya television news channel.

Mohammed's "Vision 2030" envisages raising non-oil revenue to 600 billion riyals ($160 billion) by 2020 and 1 trillion riyals ($267 billion) by 2030 from 163.5 billion riyals ($43.6 billion) last year. But he gave few details on how this would be implemented, something that has bedeviled previous reforms.

The 31-year-old prince gave assured answers to questions on the plan and appeared to pitch his comments to appeal across the Saudi social spectrum, and in particular to young people, who face unemployment and an economic downturn despite their country's oil wealth.

Even before oil prices started to plunge in 2014, economists had regarded Riyadh's fiscal policy and economic structure as being unsustainable, but reduced income from energy sales has made reform more urgent.

At the center of the plan is the restructuring of its Public Investment Fund (PIF), which Mohammed said would become a hub for Saudi investment abroad, partly by raising money through selling shares in Aramco.

Asked where Riyadh would find the funds for a $2 trillion dollar fund after recent borrowing, he said it would come from transferring the ownership of Aramco to the PIF.

"We are speaking about more than $2 trillion. We expect the valuation to be more than $2 trillion. In addition to that there are other assets that will be added to the fund, and part of it is already added."

He said it could "turn into a global investment fund with a size of up to $3 trillion dollars."

The partial privatization of Aramco is also central to the plans, and Mohammed said it would be transformed into an energy company that he expected to be valued at $2 trillion to $3 trillion, and that less than 5 percent of it would be listed on the stock market.

So big is the state oil company because of its rights to the kingdom's crude reserves that selling even 1 percent of its value would create the biggest initial public offering ever, he said.

Mohammed said other Aramco subsidiary companies would also be listed along with other publicly held companies, and added that one major benefit of privatization was that it would increase transparency and help limit corruption.

"People used to be unhappy that files and data of Aramco are undeclared, unclear and not transparent. Today they will be transparent. If Aramco gets IPO-ed that means it has to announce its statements of accounts," he said.

Since the prince was appointed to oversee Saudi long-term planning through the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, Riyadh's focus on reform has grown far more urgent and far more acute.

Mohammed has enjoyed a dizzyingly rapid rise since his father became king 15 months ago, from being little known outside the ruling Al Saud family to become the driving force of Saudi plans to prepare for a future after oil.

In his rare press conference, he presented himself as a modernizing leader who seeks to shake Saudi Arabia out of its economic slumber and its reputation for opacity and rigid bureaucracy, showing an interest in topics including education, the public role of women, and soccer.

Saudi Arabia will prepare a new education curriculum, Mohammed said. Despite previous reform attempts, the kingdom's schools have long been seen as focused on religious teachings rather than preparing students for a role in a modern economy.

Under the plans, Saudi Arabia would produce or assemble half of its defense equipment internally in order to create job opportunities, he said, and Riyadh would make foreign investment easier.

The government ran a deficit of 367 billion riyals ($98 billion) or 15 percent of gross domestic product, in 2015, officials said, and this year's budget plan aims to cut that to 326 billion riyals ($87 billion).

Mohammed's economic team has already announced efforts to curb wasteful government spending, to diversify revenue streams by introducing sales tax and privatizing state assets, and to make reforms in the education sector.

Such was the speculation among Saudis over the details of the plan that hashtags associated with it were the top two trending on Twitter on Monday in the country with the highest rate of social media use in the Middle East.

But ambitious targets, such as raising the private sector share in the economy to 60 percent from 40 percent, reducing unemployment to 7.6 percent from 11 percent and increasing non-oil income to 1 trillion riyals ($267 billion) from 163 billion riyals ($44 billion) were not explained further.

Some Saudis said they had hoped for more detail on crucial issues such as education reform. There were no further details of plans to increase revenue from tax or of any changes to the political structure of the absolute monarchy.

"For me as a Saudi, I am concerned by the education transformation plan," a Saudi entrepreneur said. "If it is not at the top of the list, why not?"

However, the plan also envisaged increasing women's participation in the workforce, something that has already grown quickly over the past five years, to 30 percent from 22 percent.

But Mohammed also said he did not believe Saudi society was ready to end its ban on women driving.

A green card system will also be launched within five years to enable expatriate Arabs and Muslims to live and work long-term in the country, Mohammed said in a major shift for the insular kingdom.

But the focus was on economic restructuring to help reduce oil dependence.

"I think by 2020, if oil stops we can survive," Mohammed said. "We need it, we need it, but I think in 2020 we can live without oil."

Appealing to Saudi youth, he ended his news conference by promising them a new Saudi Arabia.

"The vision is not a dream; it's a reality that will come true," he said.