Sergei Surovikin: Russia's 'General Armageddon' Falls From Grace

Nicknamed "General Armageddon" for his ruthless methods, Sergei Surovikin was one of the leading commanders of Russia's military campaign in Ukraine until his sacking which was announced on Wednesday.

His good relations with the discredited Wagner mercenary group and its leader Yevgeny Prigozhin proved to be his downfall after Wagner staged a rebellion in June and tried to topple Russia's military command.

Surovikin vanished from public view, prompting furious speculation about his whereabouts.

And on Wednesday, after months of speculation, state media reported that he had been removed from post.

The 56-year-old -- a veteran of Moscow's wars starting with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan -- had long been seen as Wagner's friend in the defence ministry.

When Surovikin was named commander of Russia's forces in Ukraine in October 2022, Prigozhin and Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov warmly welcomed the news.

In May, when Prigozhin furiously accused Russian military leaders of failing to provide him with sufficient ammunition, Surovikin was officially named as an intermediary between Wagner and the army.

Burning tensions between Wagner and the defence ministry came to a head on the night of June 23 to 24, when Prigozhin called for the toppling of Russia's military command and sent an armoured column towards Moscow.

Surovikin then made a highly unusual video appeal.

Unshaven, scowling and with one hand resting on his right thigh, he slowly enunciated a call for Prigozhin to stop.

"We are one blood. We are fighters. I urge you to stop," he said in military uniform, staring down the camera.

"Before it's too late, you have to obey the will and orders of the elected president of Russia. Stop the armoured columns, return to your bases and settle any problems peacefully," he said.

Less than 24 hours later, Prigozhin had turned his forces back and agreed a deal with the Kremlin to be exiled to Belarus.

But Surovikin made no further public appearances.

Surovikin's time commanding Moscow's forces in Ukraine was tumultuous and short-lived -- after just three months in the role he was replaced by chief of staff Valery Gerasimov, a nomination seen as a victory for the military's top brass against Prigozhin.

Under Surovikin's orders, Russian troops retreated from the city of Kherson on the Dnipro River in southern Ukraine.

It was a clear defeat for Moscow, although the delicate operation was carried out without any heavy losses on the Russian side and no other territory was given up.

The general was also behind Moscow's campaign of bombarding Ukrainian energy infrastructure, which failed in its aim of crippling Ukraine during the winter.

After being replaced by Gerasimov, Surovikin remained a top military commander and his tough reputation endured.

The Siberian-born general is also a veteran of the second Chechen war and was a top commander behind Russia's intervention in Syria, earning him the nickname of the "Syrian butcher".

Human Rights Watch in 2020 named him as one of the military leaders responsible for attacks on residential areas, including schools and hospitals.

"He is very well known. The military talk a lot about him. He has a reputation for being a crazy, traumatised, ruthless commander," a Russian military expert told AFP on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals.

Experts emphasise his qualities as a commander.

At the beginning of Russia's campaign in Ukraine, the forces under his command took over swathes of southern Ukraine.

In Russia, he is well known for his actions during a coup attempt by hardliners in 1991 that helped accelerate the Soviet collapse.

Imprisoned after the troops under his command were accused of killing three pro-democracy campaigners, Surovikin was released a few months later.

The expert who requested anonymity said Surovikin was jailed again at the end of the 1990s "for illegal arms trading but the sentence was suspended on appeal".

Russian opposition figure Leonid Volkov accused Surovikin of being a "legendary thief" who got rich through illegal logging.

"He is a businessman, not a general," he wrote on Twitter.