South Africa Unveils Measures To Rein In Public Spending

South Africa's finance minister on Wednesday announced plans to tighten government spending, including a major cut to public sector wages, in an effort to avoid a looming fianncial crunch.

In his annual budget speech to parliament, Finance Minister Tito Mboweni vowed to take the axe to the civil service wage bill, which now gobbles up more than a third of expenditure after a nearly 40-percent rise in numbers over a dozen years.

"We will propose a new law to stop excessive salaries in these public entities," Mboweni said.

He proposed a 160-billion-rand ($10.5 billion, 9.67-billion-euro) cut in wages over the next three years, which translates to around a nine percent reduction in the first year.

Weak growth, deteriorating public finances including a swollen budget deficit, crippling power cuts and soaring unemployment still cloud South Africa's economic outlook.

Despite efforts to rein in state expenditure, Mboweni also pledged 60 billion rand ($3.9 billion) to South Africa's struggling power utility Eskom and cash-strapped flag carrier South African Airways.

"There's lots of cleaning-up things we can do," Mboweni told reporters in a pre-budget news conference.

"But my experience now is (that) sometimes trying to get rid of very simple wastage things in the state system is like going to the dentist to get your teeth taken out without anaesthetic," he said.

According to budget documents, the country's economy grew by only around 0.3 percent in 2019, and is expected to grow by a dismal 0.9 percent in 2020.

The budget deficit currently stands at 6.3 percent of GDP.

Other cost-saving measures will include requiring all government officials to travel economy class on domestic flights.

Additionally, the foreign ministry will close and merge some overseas diplomatic missions and reduce their staffs.

President Cyril Ramaphosa has alluded to the crises, warning during a state of the nation address last week that government debt was "heading towards unsustainable levels".

The "economy has not grown at any meaningful rate for over a decade", said Ramaphosa, adding that desperately needed growth was being hampered by persistent power outages imposed by Eskom.

Unemployment is creeping towards 30 percent, the highest level in more than a decade.

South African political analyst Daniel Silke said Mboweni had presented a "credible yet politically risky budget".

"Cuts to the state wage bill (are) likely to cause tension with the unions but essential to restoring fiscal stability," Silke tweeted after the speech.

Old Mutual Investment Group's chief economist Johann Els emphasised that the treasury had been "unable to rein in the budget deficits" over the past few years.

Mboweni's budget will be under the scrutiny of international ratings agency Moody's, the only major assessor that still considers South African debt to be investment grade.

Fitch and S&P downgraded its credit rating to junk status in 2017.

"We are on the verge of a Moody's rating downgrade, and if we don't stabilise the deficit and get spending under control, they will downgrade us," Els said.

Losing its last investment grade rating could spark an exodus from South Africa's bond markets and pile pressure on the rand.

The country's lacklustre economic performance is largely a result of domestic issues.

Repeated bailouts to state-owned entities over the past decade -- most notably to Eskom and flag-carrier South African Airways -- have drained state coffers.

In the past five years, South Africa has posted its weakest growth rates -- never exceeding 1.3 percent and in some years falling below one percent.

The World Bank recently warned that South Africa was on a precipice, and cut its economic growth forecast to below one percent in 2020 as well due to electricity supply concerns.