The World Health Organization expressed concern Friday over a coronavirus resurgence in Europe as Britain joined France, Germany and Austria in announcing tighter mask rules and greater testing.

Europe accounts for a fifth of the world's more than 15 million infections and remains the hardest-hit region in terms of deaths, with 207,118 out of more than 630,000 globally since the virus emerged in China late last year.

The WHO's European chapter pointed to rising cases on the continent over the past two weeks, saying tighter measures may be needed to curb the spread.

People walk the busy streets of Oxford Street in central London as it becomes compulsory to wear masks in shops
People walk the busy streets of Oxford Street in central London as it becomes compulsory to wear masks in shops AFPTV / Nick McAVANEY

Europe like other regions is struggling to balance restrictions to halt COVID-19 against the need to revive economies as people there emerge from some of the world's toughest lockdowns.

A three-year-old girl died in Belgium, becoming the country's youngest known coronavirus victim, in a further wake-up call for a continent that has recently lifted shutdowns.

"The recent resurgence in COVID-19 cases in some countries following the easing of physical distancing measures is certainly cause for concern," a WHO-Europe spokeswoman told AFP.

"If the situation demands, reintroduction of stricter, targeted measures with the full engagement of communities may be needed."

Shoppers wore face masks on Oxford Street as the face coverings became required in shops and supermarkets in Britain
Shoppers wore face masks on Oxford Street as the face coverings became required in shops and supermarkets in Britain AFP / Tolga AKMEN

In Spain, health authorities are facing worrying outbreaks in Aragon and Catalonia, where officials have reintroduced local restrictions and urged residents in Barcelona and its suburbs to leave home only for essential trips for two weeks.

"We have to monitor what's going on, see where we need to take action and act early," said health ministry official Maria Jose Sierra.

"If the important outbreaks are controlled quickly and if we manage to ensure that there are no (other) outbreaks of such magnitude, we will have a much more contained situation."

India's death toll from the novel coronavirus overtook France's with 30,601 fatalities and nearly 50,000 new cases overnight
India's death toll from the novel coronavirus overtook France's with 30,601 fatalities and nearly 50,000 new cases overnight AFP / NOAH SEELAM

French President Emmanuel Macron on Friday met his top ministers to discuss contagion measures, and his prime minister Jean Castex later announced on-the-spot tests would be required for travellers visiting from 16 high-risk countries including the United States.

France has yet to resume general travel to and from these countries so the tests will be for returning French citizens and residents.

Masks are becoming increasingly obligatory as nations struggle to curb rising new infections
Masks are becoming increasingly obligatory as nations struggle to curb rising new infections AFP / SEBASTIEN BOZON

Masks are now mandatory on public transport, in shops and enclosed spaces across France and there are fears that the summer holidays could see a spike in cases with people flocking to beaches and tourist spots.

Britain on Friday made it compulsory to wear a face covering in shopping centres, banks, takeaway outlets, sandwich shops and supermarkets, following the lead of Scotland.

Exceptions have been made, including for children under 11 or people with respiratory problems, but others who refuse to cover their nose and mouth risk a fine of up to ?100.

Major countries and territories which have recently adopted new measures to slow the spread of COVID-19, as of July 23.
Major countries and territories which have recently adopted new measures to slow the spread of COVID-19, as of July 23. AFP / Gal ROMA

Germany will offer free coronavirus tests to all returning travellers in new measures agreed Friday.

And Austria made face masks mandatory again in supermarkets, food stores, post offices, bank branches and health care facilities along with public transport and pharmacies.

"It was a mistake to lift mandatory mask use so soon," said one shopper, Andreas Poschenreither.

The United States, the country hardest-hit by the virus, has now recorded 145,324 deaths and 4.1 million infections. For the second day running on Friday it reported more than 70,000 new cases and more than 1,000 fatalities in a 24-hour period, according to a tally maintained by Johns Hopkins University.

The nation is in the grip of a surge particularly in southern and western states.

US President Donald Trump has scrapped next month's Republican convention in Florida at which he was due to be confirmed as the Republican candidate for November's election, saying "the timing for this event is not right".

Bolivia meanwhile postponed its general election for a second time because of the pandemic, putting it off until October 18, while South Africa said it was closing public schools for a month from July 27.

There was also bad news in China and India -- the world's two most populous nations -- as new clusters emerged.

Chinese authorities said Friday they would introduce a wave of testing in the port city of Dalian, home to about six million people.

The Dalian health commission said the city had to "quickly enter wartime mode" to stop any spread. It announced strict new measures, including on-the-spot nucleic acid tests.

Kindergartens and nurseries have been closed, and some communities have been placed under lockdown, according to state-run newspaper Global Times.

India's death toll overtook France's on Friday at 30,601. Officials said there were nearly 50,000 new cases of the virus overnight.

State governments have now brought in fresh restrictions as cases soar, including in the IT hub Bangalore.

UN projections have warned the virus could kill 1.67 million people in 30 low-income countries.

Virus restrictions have been bolstered in several other countries this week, including Australia and Belgium, as well as in Hong Kong and the Japanese capital Tokyo.

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